乙醇水剂法提取武夷水仙茶叶籽油及其品质分析

以武夷水仙茶叶籽为原料,采用乙醇水剂法提取武夷水仙茶叶籽油,通过单因素试验考察了提取温度、料液比、乙醇浓度和pH对提取率的影响,并采用正交试验设计优化了提取工艺条件。结果显示,武夷水仙茶叶籽油最佳提取条件为乙醇浓度30%（V/V）、料液比1∶7、pH 9、提取温度60 ℃,在该条件下武夷水仙茶叶籽油提取率为93.61%。在提取的武夷水仙茶叶籽油中共检测到18种脂肪酸,以油酸（51.77%）、亚油酸（23.14%）为主,∑SFA∶∑MUFA∶∑PUFA=1∶2.64∶1.27,各项理化指标均符合国家标准。结果表明武夷水仙茶叶籽油是一种营养价值较高的植物食用油,研究结论可为武夷山茶产区茶叶籽油提取、品质评价提供理论依据。     

石油降解菌筛选及应用研究

从石油污染土壤中分离到一株新的石油降解菌,对该石油降解菌进行了鉴定,经16SrDNA测序鉴定并结合生理生化实验结果确定其为阴沟肠杆菌。该菌可以将石油作为唯一碳源进行生长代谢,实验结果表明:在菌株投加量为1%时降解效果最佳,降解率可达到26.41%。     

Effect of marinade containing thyme and orange oils on broiler breast fillet and whole wing aerobic bacteria during refrigerated storage

Raw meat typically hosts spoilage organisms and sometimes hosts pathogens; to combat this, natural antimicrobial interventions have gained interest among consumers. In a previous study a marinade containing a thyme-orange essential oils combination (TOC) at the 0.5% level was found to inhibit Salmonella and Campylobacter species. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a salt-phosphate marinade solution with 0.5% TOC (treatment) or without TOC (control) applied by vacuum tumbling on the shelf life of broiler breast fillets and whole wings. The total aerobic and facultative mesophiles (TAM) occurring naturally on these products during refrigerated storage for 14 d (at 1, 7, 10, and 14 d) were enumerated. A total of 48 (24 for each trial) skinless breast fillets and 48 (24 for each trial) whole wings were used for the 2 trials. For each trial, 12 of the 24 breast fillets or wings were marinated using the control marinade solution and the remaining 12 were marinated in the treatment marinade solution. On d 1, 7, 10, and 14, 3 treatment and 3 control breast fillets and wings were randomly selected for TAM enumeration. Sample rinsates were plated in duplicate and incubated at 35°C for 48 h. Thyme-orange combination marinade significantly reduced TAM numbers on d 1, 7, and 10 compared with the controls. Log reductions of 0.3, 0.9, and 1.1 were recorded on d 1, 7, and 10, respectively. The difference in TAM between the treated and untreated whole wings was not significant. Therefore, 0.5% TOC in marinade can be used as a natural antimicrobial to reduce TAM on skinless breast fillets; however, a higher concentration may be required for skin-on products.     

生物质燃油燃烧器的研究与设计

随着生物质热裂解制油技术的发展,为适应其工业化大规模生产,需要一款可以提供稳定的且高效率的生物燃油燃烧器,而传统的燃烧器很难将生物燃油充分燃烧,因此笔者设计一种生物燃油燃烧器,通过对燃烧器的工作原理和主要技术参数研究与确定,对燃烧机的结构进行了重新设计.该燃烧器结构简单,装配方便,可以将生物燃油进行三级雾化,燃烧效率高.     

桐油基改性树脂研究进展

从桐油的分子结构特征出发,综述了桐油基共聚树脂、桐油基改性醇酸树脂、桐油基改性酚醛树脂、桐油基增强复合材料及功能改性涂料等研究领域的最新研究进展,通过进一步认识桐油基改性树脂的研究进展,以期为桐油基改性树脂在各个领域的研究和应用提供参考。     

我国油菜籽及菜子油进口依赖性与进口安全研究

为判断我国油菜籽及菜子油进口来源的可靠性,降低进口风险,考察我国对主要来源国的进口依赖关系。在分析我国油菜籽和菜子油进口市场结构的基础上,综合考察我国油菜籽及菜子油从各主要来源国的进口占总进口值的份额(I1)、进口来源国对我国出口占该国总出口值的份额(I2),各主要出口国的油菜籽及菜子油出口值占世界的份额(P值)以及我国与各国总体贸易平衡状况(B指数),测算我国对主要进口来源市场的进口依赖系数(I3及I5),并评价进口安全性。结果表明我国油菜籽和菜子油进口主要依赖加拿大市场,但对加拿大的油菜籽进口依赖系数I3和I5分别从2005年的12.781 8和4.322 4下降到2012年的2.662 5和1.032 7,菜子油I3和I5分别从2005年的5.079 8和0.906 2下降到2012年的2.232 7和0.856 1。得出加拿大是我国油菜籽和菜子油进口的安全来源,进口油菜籽比菜子油更加经济合理的结论,并提出相关对策建议。     

Changes in blood profile in sheep receiving raw garlic,garlic oil or monensin

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing a basal diet (CTR) with raw garlic (GAR) or garlic oil (GAO) on blood profile in sheep. Monensin (MON, 33 mg/kg DM) was used as positive control. Four ruminally fistulated rams were used in three experiments each arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28‐day periods. Experiments 1 and 2 differed in the dose of GAR (75 vs. 100 g/kg DM) and GAO (500 vs. 750 mg/kg DM), while experiment 3 was designed to compare the two doses of each additive (GAR and GAO). The animals were fed a basal diet as TMR consisting of 77.83% forage (alfalfa hay and corn silage) and 22.17% concentrate, providing 10.50 MJ/kg DM (metabolizable energy) and 16.5% crude protein to cover maintenance energy and protein requirements. Supplementation of monensin decreased (P < 0.05) β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in the blood compared with other treatments. There was no significant effect of additives on serum concentration of glucose, total triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, albumin and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Although the serum insulin concentration was elevated in sheep receiving MON and GAO (P < 0.01), no change was observed in blood glucose concentration. No significant effect of GAO and GAR was observed in key energy and protein‐related blood metabolites. However, administration of monensin had a positive influence on energy indices. In conclusion, whereas parameters characterizing the energy balance did not show a significant effect of GAR supplementation, a higher insulin concentration in GAO‐treated animals was observed.     

Effect of dietary Schizochytrium microalga oil and fish oil on plasma cholesterol level in rats

The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that the dietary oils with different content of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affect plasma lipid level in rats in a different degree. The diets with 6% of fish oil (FO) and Schizochytrium microalga oil (SchO; EPA+DHA content in the diets 9.5 + 12.3 and 2.6 + 29.5% of the sum of total fatty acids, respectively) were used; the diet with 6% of safflower oil (high content of n‐6 PUFA linoleic acid, 65.5%; EPA+DHA content 0.7 + 0.9%) was used as a control. The difference between FO and SchO was established only in the case of plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) level: plasma TAG of the FO‐fed rats did not differ from the control rats (p > 0.05), while SchO decreased (p < 0.05) plasma TAG to 46% of the control. On the other hand, FO and SchO decreased (p < 0.05) total plasma cholesterol (TC) in rats in the same extent, to 73% of the control. Regarding the underlying mechanisms for the TC decrease, both SchO and FO up‐regulated hepatic Insig‐1 gene (181 and 133% of the control; p < 0.05), which tended (p = 0.15 and p = 0.19 respectively) to decrease the amount of hepatic nSREBP‐2 protein (61 and 66% of the control). However, neither SchO nor FO influenced hepatic 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐CoA reductase gene expression (p > 0.05); SchO (but not FO) increased (p < 0.05) low‐density lipoprotein receptor mRNA in the liver. It was concluded that the decrease of total plasma cholesterol might be caused by an increased cholesterol uptake from plasma into the cells (in the case of SchO), but also by other (in the present study not tested) mechanisms.     

柞蚕雄蛾油对大鼠辅助降血脂功能的影响研究

为研究柞蚕雄蛾油对小鼠血脂代谢的影响,进行了雄性Wistar大鼠高脂饲料与不同剂量柞蚕雄蛾油的喂养试验,每4天称体重一次,每4天测定小鼠肝系数及血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL‐C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL‐C）一次。结果表明：3个剂量组TC、TG、LDL‐C含量与高脂模型组比较显著低于高脂模型组,而HDL‐C显著高于模型组,具有显著性差异（P＜0．05）。     

油茶枯饼固态发酵技术的研究

对油茶枯饼的脱毒和发酵技术进行了研究.结果表明乙醇对油茶枯饼中的皂素有较高的脱除率，枯饼中的营养成分损失少；黑曲霉、毛霉和117假丝酵母能在脱皂油茶枯饼上正常生长，枯饼固态发酵后，其蛋白质含量有一定程度的提高，提高程度为66.7%～99.7%；平菇、紫木耳能在油茶枯饼中正常生长，而金针菇则生长不正常；紫木耳对枯饼中蛋白的提高程度在各食用菌中最高，为74.2%～110.7%；以毛霉、平菇和紫木耳的一次发酵产品再经117产朊假丝酵母二次发酵，其粗蛋白质含量接近20%，氨基酸组成趋向平衡.